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Amazon SCS-C03 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Incident Response: This domain addresses responding to security incidents through automated and manual strategies, containment, forensic analysis, and recovery procedures to minimize impact and restore operations.

Topic 2

Detection: This domain covers identifying and monitoring security events, threats, and vulnerabilities in AWS through logging, monitoring, and alerting mechanisms to detect anomalies and unauthorized access.

Topic 3

Security Foundations and Governance: This domain addresses foundational security practices including policies, compliance frameworks, risk management, security automation, and audit procedures for AWS environments.

Topic 4

Data Protection: This domain centers on protecting data at rest and in transit through encryption, key management, data classification, secure storage, and backup mechanisms.

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Amazon AWS Certified Security - Specialty Sample Questions (Q53-Q58):

NEW QUESTION # 53
A company is running a containerized application on an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster that uses AWS Fargate. The application runs as several ECS services. The ECS services are in individual target groups for an internet-facing Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is the origin for an Amazon CloudFront distribution. An AWS WAF web ACL is associated with the CloudFront distribution.
Web clients access the ECS services through the CloudFront distribution. The company learns that the web clients can bypass the web ACL and can access the ALB directly.
Which solution will prevent the web clients from directly accessing the ALB?

A. Create a new internal ALB. Move all the ECS services to the internal ALB. Delete the internet-facing ALB. Update the CloudFront distribution by setting the internal ALB as the origin.
B. Create an AWS PrivateLink endpoint. Specify the existing ALB as the target. Update the CloudFront distribution by setting the PrivateLink endpoint as the origin.
C. Modify the listener rules for the existing ALB. Add a condition to forward only the requests that come from IP addresses in the CloudFront origin prefix list.
D. Update the CloudFront distribution by adding an X-Shared-Secret custom header for the origin. Modify the listener rules for the existing ALB to forward only the requests in which the X-Shared-Secret header has the correct value.

Answer: D

Explanation:
The correct solution is option D because it effectively prevents direct access to the internet-facing ALB while allowing legitimate traffic that originates from Amazon CloudFront. By configuring CloudFront to include a custom HTTP header (such as X-Shared-Secret) in all origin requests, and then configuring ALB listener rules to only forward requests that contain the expected header value, the ALB will reject any requests that bypass CloudFront.
This approach is a documented AWS best practice when CloudFront is placed in front of an ALB and AWS WAF is associated with the CloudFront distribution. AWS WAF only evaluates traffic that flows through CloudFront; therefore, preventing direct access to the ALB is critical to ensure that all requests are inspected by the web ACL.
Option A is invalid because CloudFront does not support AWS PrivateLink endpoints as origins. Option B is incorrect because CloudFront cannot use an internal ALB as an origin; CloudFront requires a publicly reachable origin. Option C is not recommended because CloudFront IP ranges change frequently, making IP- based allow lists operationally complex and error-prone, and AWS does not provide a supported CloudFront prefix list for ALB listener rules.
AWS Security Specialty guidance explicitly recommends using custom origin headers to restrict ALB access to CloudFront-only traffic, making option D the correct and secure solution.

NEW QUESTION # 54
A security engineer for a company wants to maintain all IAM users and roles according to the principle of least privilege. The security engineer plans to audit the IAM permissions once every 365 days. The security engineer must view the permissions that each IAM identity used in the last 365 days and must remove any unused permissions.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Use AWS CloudTrail logs to review IAM identity actions and to remove unused permissions.
B. Use AWS Trusted Advisor to check the IAM identities that have elevated permissions and to remove unused permissions.
C. Use AWS Config to review configuration changes by each IAM identity and to remove unused permissions.
D. Use AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer to review last accessed information and to remove unused permissions.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 100to 150 words of Explanation From AWS Certified Security - Specialty topics:
IAM Access Analyzer is the correct service for least-privilege review because it can analyze unused access and last accessed information for IAM identities. AWS documentation states that unused access analyzers can generate findings for access that has not been used within a configured period, with a selectable range up to
365 days. This directly matches the annual audit requirement. CloudTrail logs contain raw activity data, but manually reviewing 365 days of events for each identity is high effort and error-prone. AWS Config tracks configuration changes, not effective permission usage. Trusted Advisor can identify some security risks, but it does not provide the role-level and user-level last accessed analysis needed to remove unused permissions systematically.

NEW QUESTION # 55
A company is running a containerized application on an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster that uses AWS Fargate. The application runs as several ECS services.
The ECS services are in individual target groups for an internet-facing Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is the origin for an Amazon CloudFront distribution. An AWS WAF web ACL is associated with the CloudFront distribution.
Web clients access the ECS services through the CloudFront distribution. The company learns that the web clients can bypass the web ACL and can access the ALB directly.
Which solution will prevent the web clients from directly accessing the ALB?

A. Modify the ALB listener rules to allow only CloudFront IP ranges.
B. Create a new internal ALB and delete the internet-facing ALB.
C. Add a custom X-Shared-Secret header in CloudFront and configure the ALB listener rules to allow requests only when the header value matches.
D. Create an AWS PrivateLink endpoint and set it as the CloudFront origin.

Answer: C

Explanation:
When an internet-facing ALB is used as a CloudFront origin, it remains directly accessible unless additional access controls are enforced. According to AWS Certified Security - Specialty guidance, CloudFront IP allow lists alone are insufficient, because CloudFront IP ranges change and are not guaranteed to be exclusive.
The recommended and most secure approach is to configure CloudFront to send a custom origin header (such as X-Shared-Secret) with a secret value on every request to the origin. The ALB listener rules are then configured to forward traffic only when the header exists and matches the expected value. Requests that attempt to bypass CloudFront will not include this header and will be denied.

NEW QUESTION # 56
A security engineer for a company needs to design an incident response plan that addresses compromised IAM user account credentials. The company uses an organization in AWS Organizations and AWS IAM Identity Center to manage user access. The company uses a delegated administrator account to implement AWS Security Hub. The delegated administrator account contains an organizational trail in AWS CloudTrail that logs all events to an Amazon S3 bucket. The company has also configured an organizational event data store that captures all events from the trail.
The incident response plan must provide steps that the security engineer can take to immediately disable any compromised IAM user when the security engineer receives a notification of a security incident. The plan must prevent the IAM user from being used in any AWS account. The plan must also collect all AWS actions that the compromised IAM user performed across all accounts in the previous 7 days.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Disable the IAM user's access in IAM Identity Center. Use AWS CloudTrail to query the organizational event data store for actions that the IAM user performed in the previous 7 days.
B. Disable the compromised IAM user in the organization management account. Use Amazon Athena to query the organizational CloudTrail logs in the S3 bucket for actions that the IAM user performed in the previous 7 days.
C. Remove all IAM policies that are attached to the IAM user in the organization management account.
Use AWS Security Hub to query the CloudTrail logs for actions that the IAM user performed in the previous 7 days.
D. Remove any permission sets that are assigned to the IAM user in IAM Identity Center. Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights to query the CloudTrail logs in the S3 bucket for actions that the IAM user performed in the previous 7 days.

Answer: A

Explanation:
When AWS IAM Identity Center is used to manage user access across an AWS Organization, Identity Center is the authoritative control plane for enabling and disabling user access. According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide, disabling a user in IAM Identity Center immediately prevents that user from accessing any AWS account or role that is assigned through permission sets, satisfying the requirement to stop access organization-wide.
Disabling an IAM user in a single account or removing attached policies (Options A and B) does not prevent access through IAM Identity Center-managed roles in other accounts. Option C is incomplete because removing permission sets does not immediately disable authentication and still requires querying logs from an unsupported source.
For investigation and evidence collection, AWS CloudTrail organizational event data stores provide centralized, queryable access to all management and data events across all accounts in the organization.
CloudTrail Lake enables security engineers to run SQL-based queries directly against event data without exporting logs to other services. This allows rapid collection of all actions that the compromised user performed during the last 7 days.
AWS documentation explicitly identifies the combination of IAM Identity Center for access revocation and CloudTrail Lake for organization-wide investigation as a best practice for identity-related incident response.
AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide
AWS IAM Identity Center Documentation
AWS CloudTrail Lake User Guide
AWS Incident Response Best Practices

NEW QUESTION # 57
An IAM user receives an Access Denied message when the user attempts to access objects in an Amazon S3 bucket. The user and the S3 bucket are in the same AWS account. The S3 bucket is configured to use server- side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS) to encrypt all of its objects at rest by using a customer managed key from the same AWS account. The S3 bucket has no bucket policy defined. The IAM user has been granted permissions through an IAM policy that allows thekms:Decryptpermission to the customer managed key. The IAM policy also allows thes3:List* ands3:Get* permissions for the S3 bucket and its objects.
Which of the following is a possible reason that the IAM user cannot access the objects in the S3 bucket?

A. The S3 bucket has been changed to use the AWS managed key to encrypt objects at rest.
B. The KMS key policy has been edited to remove the ability for the AWS account to have full access to the key.
C. An S3 bucket policy needs to be added to allow the IAM user to access the objects.
D. The IAM policy needs to allow thekms:DescribeKeypermission.

Answer: B

Explanation:
WithSSE-KMS, authorization is a two-part check: the caller must have S3 permissions to read the objectandthe caller must be allowed to use the KMS key for decryption. Even if an IAM policy grants kms:
Decrypt, the request will still fail if theKMS key policydoes not allow the principal (or does not allow the account to delegate use of the key). KMS key policies are authoritative: they can prevent key usage even when IAM policies appear to allow it.
A common misconfiguration is editing the key policy and removing the statement that grants the AWS account (or key administrators) the ability to manage and delegate permissions for the key-often described as removing "Enable IAM user permissions" or otherwise blocking the account from using IAM policies to authorize key usage. In that case, the IAM user's kms:Decrypt permission in IAM is not sufficient because the key policy no longer permits it, resulting in Access Denied when S3 attempts to call KMS on the user's behalf during GetObject.
Option A is not required for decrypting data (DescribeKey is useful for discovery but not necessary for GetObject). Option B would not inherently cause access denied if permissions align. Option C is incorrect because same-account S3 access can be granted purely via IAM without a bucket policy. Therefore, the key policy change is a valid reason.

NEW QUESTION # 58
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